Old:Samba e OpenLDAP: creare un controller di dominio con Ubuntu Server Samba PDC
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Samba PDC con backend LDAP
Installazioni e configurazioni iniziali
L'installazione di Samba va effettuata in questo momento perché insieme ai pacchetti stessi di Samba saranno installate anche alcune utility che adopereremo nel paragrafo successivo.
# apt-get install samba smbclient smbfs samba-common-bin cupsys cupsys-bsd
È necessario creare le cartelle netlogon, profiles e creare lo script logon.bat.
# mkdir -p /home/samba/netlogon # chown -R root:root /home/samba/netlogon # chmod -R 755 /home/samba/netlogon # mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles # chown root:root /home/samba/profiles # chmod 755 /home/samba/profiles
Creiamo il file logon.bat da mettere in netlogon:
Tale script dovrà esser scritto in modalità dos, per far questo sfrutteremo il tool unix2dos contenuto nel pacchetto tofrodos.
# apt-get install tofrodos
creiamo lo script con l'editor che preferiamo:
# vim /home/samba/netlogon/logon.bat
sincronizziamo gli orologi del client windows con il nostro server e mappiamo una condivisione di rete scrivendo nel file
net time \\SERVER /set /yes net use H: /home
infine:
# unix2dos /home/samba/netlogon/logon.bat
o
# todos /home/samba/netlogon/logon.bat
Allo script si possono aggiungere operazioni come il montaggio di unità di rete o altre condivisioni.
Tenete conto che con queste impostazioni viene già creata un'unità di rete collegata alla home dell'utente Linux.
Roaming Profiles
Per ogni utente deve essere creata una cartella profile, qualora si scelga di impostare samba per fare il Roaming profile, che può avvenire in due modi:
1° in cartella separata dalla cartella home dell'utente
# mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles/utente
# mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles/utente/{Desktop|Documenti/Immagini|Impostazioni locali/Dati Applicazioni|
Impostazioni locali/Cronologia|Preferiti|Cookies|Recent|Risorse di stampa}
# chown -R utente:"Domain Users" /home/samba/profiles/utente
# chmod -R 700 /home/samba/profiles/utente
2° nella cartella di home dell'utente:
# mkdir -p /home/utente/utente
# mkdir -p /home/utente/utente/{Desktop|Documenti/Immagini|Impostazioni locali/Dati Applicazioni|
Impostazioni locali/Cronologia|Preferiti|Cookies|Recent|Risorse di stampa}
# chown -R utente:"Domain Users" /home/utente
# chmod -R 700 /home/utente
Per la prima ipotesi il valore del 'logon path' sarà:
logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
Nel secondo caso il valore del 'logon path' sarà:
logon path = \\%N\%U
Solo nel primo caso si deve creare la condivisione [profiles]con path /home/samba/profiles/%U.
<br\>
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È necessario, per avere un corretto roaming profile, creare nel profilo comune dell'utente le cartelle da redirigere al server con i diritti di scrittura all'utente.
Ho creato uno script ad hoc che fa tutto ciò e vi rimando al paragrafo Aggiungere gli utenti di dominio.
Nota per il roaming profile:
Per poter ottenere un valido roaming profile con client windows è necessario copiare la cartella "Default User",
che si trova in C:\Documents and Settings, nella cartella /home/samba/netlogon. Prima di copiarla bisogna editare il file NTUSER.dat dal registro regedit. Seguire questo procedimento:
- Start>Esegui>regedit>(posizionarsi su)HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
- (andare su)file>carica hive>C:\Documents and Settings\Default User\NTUSER.dat>apri>(digitare nome)Default
- (entrare in)HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>Default>Software>Microsoft>Windows>CurrentVersion>Explorer>User Shell Folder
- cambiare i Dati, da %USERPROFILE% a %LOGONSERVER%\profiles\%USERNAME% dei Nomi: Desktop;Favorites;History; Local AppData; Local Settings;My Pictures;Personal; PrintHood;Recent (a scelta anche Cookies e Cache) es. da %USERPROFILE%\Desktop a %LOGONSERVER%\profiles\%USERNAME%\Desktop (così per tutti i nomi)
- (posizionarsi su) Default
- (andare su) file>scarica hive
- copiare su /home/samba/netlogon la cartella "Default User" così modificata.
Nel caso del logon nella cartella home dovete scrivere solo %LOGONSERVER%\%USERNAME%.
Configurazione di smb.conf
Ora vedremo come configurare Samba vero e proprio per essere un Primary Domain Controller con backend LDAP, affinché si appoggi a questo per la gestione degli utenti, gruppi, ecc...
Copiare il file smb.conf per avere un backup:
# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original
Editare il file smb.conf
# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf
Configurarlo così:
#======================= Global Settings =======================
[global]
## Browsing/Identification ###
# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
workgroup = DOMINIO
# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
netbios name = SERVER
server string = Server dominio
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
wins support = yes
# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
; wins server = w.x.y.z
# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
dns proxy = no
# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
name resolve order = wins lmhosts host bcast
#### Networking ####
# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
interfaces = eth1, lo
; interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0
# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
bind interfaces only = yes
#### Debugging/Accounting ####
# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
log file = /var/log/samba/%U.%m.log
log level = 0 passdb:6 auth:10 vfs:5 acls:3 msdfs:3
# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
max log size = 5000
# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
# syslog only = no
# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
syslog = 0
# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d
####### Authentication #######
# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
security = user
username map = /etc/samba/usermap
case sensitive = no
# You may wish to use password encryption. See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
encrypt passwords = true
enable privileges = yes
# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.
passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=dominio,dc=local
ldap suffix = dc=dominio,dc=local
ldap user suffix = ou=users
ldap group suffix = ou=groups
ldap machine suffix = ou=computers
ldap idmap suffix = ou=idmap
ldap ssl = off
ldap delete dn = no
idmap backend = ldap:ldap://127.0.0.1
obey pam restrictions = yes
# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
ldap passwd sync = yes
unix password sync = no
# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
passwd program = /usr/sbin/smbldap-passwd %u
passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .
# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
pam password change = yes
# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped
# to anonymous connections
map to guest = bad user
########## Domains ###########
# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
domain logons = yes
domain master = yes
local master = yes
preferred master = yes
os level = 255
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
# logon path = \\%N\%U\profile
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
logon drive = H:
logon home = \\%N\%U
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
logon script = logon.bat
# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
add user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -a -m %u
delete user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-userdel %u
add user to group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m %u %g
delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x %u %g
set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g %g %u
# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the
# SAMR RPC pipe.
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
add machine script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -t 0 -w %u
# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.
add group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p %g
delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel %g
########## Printing ##########
# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
# load printers = yes
# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
; printing = bsd
; printcap name = /etc/printcap
# CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
printing = cups
# printcap name = cups
############ Misc ############
# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m
# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
# SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
socket options = TCP_NODELAY
# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &
# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
# domain master = auto
# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
idmap uid = 10000-20000
idmap gid = 10000-20000
# template shell = /bin/false
# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
# winbind separator = +
# winbind enum groups = yes
# winbind enum users = yes
# winbind use default domain = yes
time server = yes
null passwords = no
# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.
# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
; usershare max shares = 100
# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
usershare allow guests = yes
#======================= Share Definitions =======================
# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
[homes]
comment = Home Directories
browseable = no
# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
read only = no
# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
# create mask = 0775
# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
; directory mask = 0700
# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
valid users = %S
vfs object = recycle
recycle:repository = /home/%u/.cestino
recycle:keeptree = Yes
recycle:touch = Yes
recycle:versions = Yes
recycle:maxsize = 1048576
recycle:exclude = ?~$*,~$*,*.tmp,index*.pl,index*.htm*,*.temp,*.TMP
recycle:exclude_dir = /tmp,/temp,/cache
recycle:noversions = *.docx,*.doc,*.xlsx,*.xls,*.ppt
# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
[netlogon]
comment = Network Logon Service
path = /home/samba/netlogon
guest ok = yes
read only = yes
share modes = no
# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
[profiles]
comment = Users profiles
path = /home/samba/profiles
read only = no
browseable = no
profile acls = yes
[printers]
comment = All Printers
browseable = no
path = /var/spool/samba
printable = yes
guest ok = no
read only = yes
create mask = 0700
# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
comment = Printer Drivers
path = /var/lib/samba/printers
browseable = yes
read only = yes
guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
; write list = root, @lpadmin
# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
; comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
; read only = yes
; locking = no
; path = /cdrom
; guest ok = yes
# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
# cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
# an entry like this:
#
# /dev/scd0 /cdrom iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user 0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
# is mounted on /cdrom
#
; preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
; postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom
Una volta che abbiamo il file di configurazione pronto, possiamo verificare che non contenga errori con il comando:
# testparm
Creiamo e modifichiamo il file /etc/samba/usermap:
# touch /etc/samba/usermap
editare così:
root = root Administrator
Sistemiamo ora le ultime directory necessarie:
# rm -rf /etc/samba/*tdb # rm -rf /var/lib/samba/*tdb # rm -rf /var/lib/samba/*dat # rm -f /var/log/samba/*
facciamo memorizzare a samba la password dell'utente ldap da usare per la connessione:
# smbpasswd -w password
e riavviamo il servizio:
# service smbd stop # service nmbd stop # service smbd start # service nmbd start
o
# /etc/init.d/samba restart