Old:Samba e OpenLDAP: creare un controller di dominio con Ubuntu Server Configurare Client Linux
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Introduzione
In questa sezione illustrerò come configurare samba e PAM su un client Ubuntu Desktop 10.10 affinché si connettano ad un dominio samba con backend ldap.
Configurazione Samba
Una volta installato samba:
$ apt-get install samba samba-doc nscd
Si passa alla fase della configurazione di smb.conf
con security = DOMAIN (per l'uso di un NT4/samba domain):
[global] ## Browsing/Identification ### # Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of workgroup = DOMINIO # server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field server string = %h server (Samba, Ubuntu) netbios name = Hostname # Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section: # WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server # wins support = no # WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client # Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both # wins server = 192.168.2.1 password server = * # dns proxy = no # What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names # to IP addresses name resolve order = lmhosts host wins bcast #### Networking #### # The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to # This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask; # interface names are normally preferred # interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0 # Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the # 'interfaces' option above to use this. # It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is # not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself. However, this # option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly. # bind interfaces only = yes #### Debugging/Accounting #### log level = 0 passdb:6 auth:10 vfs:5 acls:3 msdfs:3 log file = /var/log/samba/%U.%m.log # Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB). max log size = 1000 # If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following # parameter to 'yes'. # syslog only = no # We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything # should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log # through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher. syslog = 0 # Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d ####### Authentication ####### # "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account # in this server for every user accessing the server. See # /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html # in the samba-doc package for details. security = DOMAIN # You may wish to use password encryption. See the section on # 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling. encrypt passwords = true # password server = * # If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what # password database type you are using. passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://192.168.2.1:389 ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=dominio,dc=local ldap suffix = dc=dominio,dc=local ldap user suffix = ou=users ldap group suffix = ou=groups ldap idmap suffix = ou=idmap ldap machine suffix = ou=computers idmap backend = ldap:ldap://192.168.2.1:389 # obey pam restrictions = yes # This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix # password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the # passdb is changed. # unix password sync = yes # For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following # parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for # sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge). passwd program = /usr/bin/passwd %u passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* . # This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes # when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in # 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'. pam password change = yes ldap passwd sync = yes # This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped # to anonymous connections # map to guest = bad user # map untrusted to domain = Yes ########## Domains ########### # Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC # must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must # change the 'domain master' setting to no # domain logons = no domain master = no local master = no # # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of the user's profile directory # from the client point of view) # The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the # samba server (see below) # logon path = \\sole\profiles\%U # Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory # (this is Samba's default) # logon path = \\%N\%U\profile # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client # point of view) # logon drive = H: # logon home = \\sole\profiles\%U # The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set # It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored # in the [netlogon] share # NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention ; logon script = logon.cmd # This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe. The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix # password; please adapt to your needs ; add user script = /usr/sbin/adduser --quiet --disabled-password --gecos "" %u # This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the # SAMR RPC pipe. # The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system ; add machine script = /usr/sbin/useradd -g machines -c "%u machine account" -d /var/lib/samba -s /bin/false %u # This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR # RPC pipe. ; add group script = /usr/sbin/addgroup --force-badname %g ########## Printing ########## # If you want to automatically load your printer list rather # than setting them up individually then you'll need this # load printers = yes # lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the # printcap file # printing = cups ; printcap name = /etc/printcap # CUPS printing. See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the # cupsys-client package. printing = cups printcap name = cups ############ Misc ############ # Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration # on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name # of the machine that is connecting ; include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m # Most people will find that this option gives better performance. # See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html # for details # You may want to add the following on a Linux system: # SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192 socket options = TCP_NODELAY # The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package # installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are # working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba. ; message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' & # Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this # machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you # must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended. # domain master = auto # Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges # for something else.) idmap uid = 10000-20000 idmap gid = 10000-20000 ; template shell = /bin/bash # winbind nss info = template # template homedir = \\sole\profiles\%U # The following was the default behaviour in sarge, # but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce # performance issues in large organizations. # See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not* # having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details. winbind separator = + # winbind trusted domains only = yes winbind use default domain = Yes winbind enum groups = yes winbind enum users = yes # winbind nested groups = Yes # Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders # with the net usershare command. # Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled. ; usershare max shares = 100 # Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create # public shares, not just authenticated ones usershare allow guests = yes #======================= Share Definitions ======================= # Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit) # to enable the default home directory shares. This will share each # user's home director as \\server\username [homes] comment = Home Directories browseable = no # By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the # next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them. read only = yes # File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775. ; create mask = 0700 # Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to # create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775. ; directory mask = 0700 # By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone # with access to the samba server. Un-comment the following parameter # to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username # The following parameter makes sure that only "username" can connect # # This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes valid users = %S # Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) ;[netlogon] ; comment = Network Logon Service ; path = /home/samba/netlogon ; guest ok = yes ; read only = yes ; share modes = no # Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store # users profiles (see the "logon path" option above) # (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.) # The path below should be writable by all users so that their # profile directory may be created the first time they log on ;[profiles] ; comment = Users profiles ; path = /home/samba/profiles ; guest ok = no ; browseable = no ; create mask = 0600 ; directory mask = 0700 [printers] comment = All Printers browseable = no path = /var/spool/samba printable = yes guest ok = no read only = yes create mask = 0700 # Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable # printer drivers [print$] comment = Printer Drivers path = /var/lib/samba/printers browseable = yes read only = yes guest ok = no
Non è stato configurato winbind perché ldap ha già il modulo di autenticazione e ci pensa lui ad autenticare gli utenti.
Gli unici comandi nuovi sono:
security = DOMAIN password server = *
Questi devono essere settati e per quanto concerne il wins server l'indirizzo dipende dall'IP che avete assegnato al server.
Autenticazione PAM e NSS
Ora dobbiamo prima installare i pacchetti:
# apt-get install libnss-ldap libpam-ldap
ora configuriamo come Samba e OpenLDAP: creare un controller di dominio con Ubuntu Server Autenticazione LDAP, rispondendo a tutte le domande.
Il file di configurazione ldap.conf
dovrebbe essere, più o meno, come questo:
# Your LDAP server. Must be resolvable without using LDAP. # Multiple hosts may be specified, each separated by a # space. How long nss_ldap takes to failover depends on # whether your LDAP client library supports configurable # network or connect timeouts (see bind_timelimit). host 192.168.2.1 # The distinguished name of the search base. base dc=dominio,dc=local # Another way to specify your LDAP server is to provide an uri ldap://192.168.2.1 # Unix Domain Sockets to connect to a local LDAP Server. #uri ldap://127.0.0.1/ #uri ldaps://127.0.0.1/ #uri ldapi://%2fvar%2frun%2fldapi_sock/ # Note: %2f encodes the '/' used as directory separator # The LDAP version to use (defaults to 3 # if supported by client library) ldap_version 3 # The distinguished name to bind to the server with. # Optional: default is to bind anonymously. binddn cn=admin,dc=dominio,dc=local # The credentials to bind with. # Optional: default is no credential. bindpw secret # The distinguished name to bind to the server with # if the effective user ID is root. Password is # stored in /etc/ldap.secret (mode 600) #rootbinddn cn=admin,dc=dominio,dc=local # The port. # Optional: default is 389. port 389 #port 636 # The search scope. scope sub #scope one #scope base # Search timelimit timelimit 50 # Bind/connect timelimit bind_timelimit 50 # Reconnect policy: hard (default) will retry connecting to # the software with exponential backoff, soft will fail # immediately. bind_policy soft # Idle timelimit; client will close connections # (nss_ldap only) if the server has not been contacted # for the number of seconds specified below. #idle_timelimit 3600 # Filter to AND with uid=%s #pam_filter objectclass=account # The user ID attribute (defaults to uid) pam_login_attribute uid # Search the root DSE for the password policy (works # with Netscape Directory Server) #pam_lookup_policy yes # Check the 'host' attribute for access control # Default is no; if set to yes, and user has no # value for the host attribute, and pam_ldap is # configured for account management (authorization) # then the user will not be allowed to login. #pam_check_host_attr yes # Check the 'authorizedService' attribute for access # control # Default is no; if set to yes, and the user has no # value for the authorizedService attribute, and # pam_ldap is configured for account management # (authorization) then the user will not be allowed # to login. #pam_check_service_attr yes # Group to enforce membership of #pam_groupdn cn=PAM,ou=Groups,dc=padl,dc=com # Group member attribute pam_member_attribute memberUid # Specify a minium or maximum UID number allowed #pam_min_uid 0 #pam_max_uid 0 # Template login attribute, default template user # (can be overriden by value of former attribute # in user's entry) #pam_login_attribute userPrincipalName #pam_template_login_attribute uid #pam_template_login nobody # HEADS UP: the pam_crypt, pam_nds_passwd, # and pam_ad_passwd options are no # longer supported. # # Do not hash the password at all; presume # the directory server will do it, if # necessary. This is the default. #pam_password md5 # Hash password locally; required for University of # Michigan LDAP server, and works with Netscape # Directory Server if you're using the UNIX-Crypt # hash mechanism and not using the NT Synchronization # service. #pam_password crypt # Remove old password first, then update in # cleartext. Necessary for use with Novell # Directory Services (NDS) #pam_password clear_remove_old #pam_password nds # RACF is an alias for the above. For use with # IBM RACF #pam_password racf # Update Active Directory password, by # creating Unicode password and updating # unicodePwd attribute. #pam_password ad # Use the OpenLDAP password change # extended operation to update the password. pam_password exop # Redirect users to a URL or somesuch on password # changes. #pam_password_prohibit_message Please visit http://internal to change your password. # RFC2307bis naming contexts # Syntax: # nss_base_XXX base?scope?filter # where scope is {base,one,sub} # and filter is a filter to be &'d with the # default filter. # You can omit the suffix eg: # nss_base_passwd ou=People, # to append the default base DN but this # may incur a small performance impact. nss_base_passwd dc=dominio,dc=local?sub nss_base_shadow dc=dominio,dc=local?sub nss_base_group ou=groups,dc=dominio,dc=local?one #nss_base_hosts ou=Hosts,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_services ou=Services,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_networks ou=Networks,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_protocols ou=Protocols,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_rpc ou=Rpc,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_ethers ou=Ethers,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_netmasks ou=Networks,dc=padl,dc=com?ne #nss_base_bootparams ou=Ethers,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_aliases ou=Aliases,dc=padl,dc=com?one #nss_base_netgroup ou=Netgroup,dc=padl,dc=com?one # attribute/objectclass mapping # Syntax: #nss_map_attribute rfc2307attribute mapped_attribute #nss_map_objectclass rfc2307objectclass mapped_objectclass # configure --enable-nds is no longer supported. # NDS mappings #nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member # Services for UNIX 3.5 mappings #nss_map_objectclass posixAccount User #nss_map_objectclass shadowAccount User #nss_map_attribute uid msSFU30Name #nss_map_attribute uniqueMember msSFU30PosixMember #nss_map_attribute userPassword msSFU30Password #nss_map_attribute homeDirectory msSFU30HomeDirectory #nss_map_attribute homeDirectory msSFUHomeDirectory #nss_map_objectclass posixGroup Group #pam_login_attribute msSFU30Name #pam_filter objectclass=User #pam_password ad # configure --enable-mssfu-schema is no longer supported. # Services for UNIX 2.0 mappings #nss_map_objectclass posixAccount User #nss_map_objectclass shadowAccount user #nss_map_attribute uid msSFUName #nss_map_attribute uniqueMember posixMember #nss_map_attribute userPassword msSFUPassword #nss_map_attribute homeDirectory msSFUHomeDirectory #nss_map_attribute shadowLastChange pwdLastSet #nss_map_objectclass posixGroup Group #nss_map_attribute cn msSFUName #pam_login_attribute msSFUName #pam_filter objectclass=User #pam_password ad # RFC 2307 (AD) mappings #nss_map_objectclass posixAccount user #nss_map_objectclass shadowAccount user #nss_map_attribute uid sAMAccountName #nss_map_attribute homeDirectory unixHomeDirectory #nss_map_attribute shadowLastChange pwdLastSet #nss_map_objectclass posixGroup group #nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member #pam_login_attribute sAMAccountName #pam_filter objectclass=User #pam_password ad # configure --enable-authpassword is no longer supported # AuthPassword mappings #nss_map_attribute userPassword authPassword # AIX SecureWay mappings #nss_map_objectclass posixAccount aixAccount #nss_base_passwd ou=aixaccount,?one #nss_map_attribute uid userName #nss_map_attribute gidNumber gid #nss_map_attribute uidNumber uid #nss_map_attribute userPassword passwordChar #nss_map_objectclass posixGroup aixAccessGroup #nss_base_group ou=aixgroup,?one #nss_map_attribute cn groupName #nss_map_attribute uniqueMember member #pam_login_attribute userName #pam_filter objectclass=aixAccount #pam_password clear # Netscape SDK LDAPS #ssl on # Netscape SDK SSL options #sslpath /etc/ssl/certs # OpenLDAP SSL mechanism # start_tls mechanism uses the normal LDAP port, LDAPS typically 636 #ssl start_tls ssl off # OpenLDAP SSL options # Require and verify server certificate (yes/no) # Default is to use libldap's default behavior, which can be configured in # /etc/openldap/ldap.conf using the TLS_REQCERT setting. The default for # OpenLDAP 2.0 and earlier is "no", for 2.1 and later is "yes". #tls_checkpeer yes # CA certificates for server certificate verification # At least one of these are required if tls_checkpeer is "yes" #tls_cacertfile /etc/ssl/ca.cert #tls_cacertdir /etc/ssl/certs # Seed the PRNG if /dev/urandom is not provided #tls_randfile /var/run/egd-pool # SSL cipher suite # See man ciphers for syntax #tls_ciphers TLSv1 # Client certificate and key # Use these, if your server requires client authentication. #tls_cert #tls_key # Disable SASL security layers. This is needed for AD. #sasl_secprops maxssf=0 # Override the default Kerberos ticket cache location. #krb5_ccname FILE:/etc/.ldapcache # SASL mechanism for PAM authentication - use is experimental # at present and does not support password policy control #pam_sasl_mech DIGEST-MD5 nss_initgroups_ignoreusers avahi,avahi-autoipd,backup,bin,couchdb,daemon,games,gdm,gnats,hplip,irc,kernoops,libuuid,list,lp,mail,man,messagebus,news,proxy,pulse,root,rtkit,saned,speech-dispatcher,sync,sys,syslog,usbmux,uucp,www-data
Ricordatevi di settare l'URI secondo l'indirizzo corrispondente del vostro server ldap che avete settato in /etc/default/slapd
alla voce SLAPD_SERVICES (es. ldap://192.168.2.1:389), cancellate ldaps:// se non avete settato un TLS.
Ora configuriamo nsswitch.conf
così:
passwd: files ldap group: files ldap shadow: files ldap hosts: files dns wins networks: files dns protocols: db files services: db files ethers: db files rpc: db files netgroup: nis
Ora eseguiamo da terminale:
$ pam-auth-update
e selezioniamo ldap e deselezioniamo winbind.
Dopodiché aprire /etc/pam.d/common-password
e settiamo così:
password [success=2 default=ignore] pam_unix.so obscure sha512 password [success=1 user_unknown=ignore default=die] pam_ldap.so try_first_pass
Dalla seconda voce deve essere cancellato use_authok che si trova prima di try_first_pass, altrimenti non vi permetterà di cambiare la password.
Vi avviso che se settate agli utenti una shell /bin/false il terminale client non si aprirà, perciò vi conviene settare una shell /bin/ bash a tutti gli utenti.
Aggancio al dominio e test
Ora è arrivato il momento di agganciare il client al dominio con:
$ net rpc join -S SERVER -U root%secret
una volta ottenuto:
Join to 'DOMINIO' is OK
Riavviare tutto edopo eseguire:
$ getent passwd $ getent group
Ora dovrebbero comparirvi l'elenco degli utenti (anche di dominio) e i gruppi (inclusi quelli di dominio).
Ricordatevi di settare i permessi di scrittura della cartella /home
al gruppo cui fanno parte gli utenti (es. Domain Users), altrimenti al log in non verrà creata la cartella utente e si bloccherà tutto.
$ chown -R root:root /home $ chmod -R 755 /home
Non vi resta che loggarvi come utenti di dominio.
Esportare cartella Home
Lato server
Installiamo i servizi NFS:
# apt-get install portmap nfs-kernel-server nfs-common
Per indicare al server quali saranno le cartelle che dovranno essere condivise modifichiamo il file /etc/exports
:
/home 192.168.2.0/24(rw)
Se volete condividere la cartella dell’esempio precedente, ma in sola lettura:
/home 192.168.2.0/24(ro)
Adesso possiamo rendere il sistema più sicuro specificando quali client possono accedere al PC e quali invece no.
Negheremo l'accesso a tutti i client tranne ad alcuni, la nostra riga in /etc/hosts.deny
dovrà essere:
portmap mountd nfsd statd lockd rquotad : ALL EXCEPT 192.168.2.0/24
Lato Client
Installiamo, nel caso non fossero già presenti, i pacchetti necessari:
# apt-get install portmap nfs-common
Possiamo montare la condivisione direttamente nel file /etc/fstab
per averla disponibile automaticamente all'avvio.
Per fare ciò modifichiamo il file /etc/fstab
:
ip_server:/home /home nfs defaults 0 2
Riavviare tutto.
N.B.:Per evitare eventuali problemi al log in sul client, settare i permessi delle cartelle utenti della home del server nel seguente modo:
# chown utente:root /home/utente # chmod 771 /home/utente