Migliorare l'aspetto dei font: differenze tra le versioni

{{Versioni compatibili}}

Stufo del rendering di Firefox, ho cercato un po' in giro ed ho trovato vari spunti per migliorare la resa dei caratteri sul nostro monitor LCD.

== Configurazione fontconfig ==

Se assenti, cosa improbabile, installiamo queste tre librerie:

<pre># apt-get install fontconfig libcairo2 libxft2</pre>

Apriamo un terminale con i permessi di [[root]] e diamo:

e rispondiamo nell'ordine <code>Nativo - Sempre - No</code>, poi possiamo dare:

<pre># dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig</pre>

e dopo rigeneriamo la cache dei font con:

<pre># fc-cache -fv

$ fc-cache -fv</pre>

Ora, con i normali permessi utente, creiamo il file <code>.fonts.conf</code> nella nostra home:

<pre>$ nano ~/.fonts.conf</pre>

ed inseriamo quanto segue:

<!DOCTYPE fontconfig SYSTEM 'fonts.dtd'>

<match target="font">

<!-- Font rasterization converts vector font data to bitmap data so that it

     can be displayed. The result can appear jagged due to aliasing.

     Anti-aliasing increases the apparent resolution of font edges. -->

<edit mode="assign" name="antialias">

<!-- Using normal hinting, TrueType hinting instructions in the font are

     interpreted by freetype's Byte-Code Interpreter. This works best for

     fonts with good hinting instructions. -->

<edit mode="assign" name="hinting">

<!-- Auto-discovery for hinting. This looks worse than normal hinting for

     instructions. The autohinter and subpixel rendering are not designed

    to work together and should not be used in combination. -->

 

    can be set to: "hintfull", "hintmedium", "hintslight" and "hintnone".

     With BCI hinting, "hintfull" should work best for most fonts.

     With the autohinter, "hintslight" is recommended. -->

<edit mode="assign" name="hintstyle">

<!-- Subpixel rendering effectively triples the horizontal (or vertical)

     subpixel rendering are not designed to work together and should not

    be used in combination. Most monitors manufactured today use the

     Red, Green, Blue (RGB) specification. Fontconfig will need to know

     your monitor type to be able to display your fonts correctly.

     Values are "rgb" (most common), "bgr", "vrgb" (vertical), "vbgr",

    "unknown" or "none". -->

<edit mode="assign" name="rgba">

<!-- When using subpixel rendering, you should enable the LCD filter,

     which is designed to reduce colour fringing. The "lcddefault" filter

    used in special situations: "lcdlight"; a lighter filter ideal for

     fonts that look too bold or fuzzy; "lcdlegacy", the original Cairo

     filter; "lcdnone" to disable it entirely. -->

<edit mode="assign" name="lcdfilter">

 

<!-- Fontconfig should be able to detect DPI parameters as discovered

     by the Xorg server. You can check the automatically discovered DPI

     with the command xdpyinfo -->

<edit name="dpi" mode="assign">

<double>102</double>

</fontconfig>

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

# rm -R /etc/fonts/conf.d

# dpkg-reconfigure fontconfig

 

 

 

 

 

! Fontconfig will default to the Xft.dpi variable if it is set.

 

 

 

Se non siamo ancora soddisfatti del risultato oppure il nostro monitor è grande e i caratteri sono piccoli, si può provare a cambiare il valore DPI dei caratteri usando quello del monitor (che sarebbe più corretto chiamare PPI).

 

Generalmente fontconfig ricava tale valore automaticamente da Xorg oppure usa lo standard non ufficiale dei 96 DPI.<br/>

Per trovare il valore del nostro monitor, bisogna trovare prima la diagonale in pixel (applicando il teorema di Pitagora alla risoluzione nativa dello schermo) e poi dividerla con la diagonale effettiva del monitor in pollici (generalmente si trova nelle specifiche del monitor).

 

Es.: il mio monitor è un AOC 2236Vw da 22" con risoluzione nativa di 1920x1080. Guardando le specifiche però trovo che la diagonale visibile non è 22" ma 21,5". Allora calcolo:

 

''sqrt(1920^2 + 1080^2) / 21.5 = '''102.46''' PPI''

 

Per fare più in fretta ci si può aiutare usando [http://members.ping.de/~sven/dpi.html questo calcolatore].

 

Fate logout e login per vedere il risultato e, se questo non è soddisfacente, commentate nuovamente le righe per tornare ai valori standard.

 

Alcuni sostengono che il valore DPI da inserire nelle configurazioni deve essere arrotondato, senza parte decimale. Però il fatto che sia usato un valore ''double'' per memorizzare il DPI mi fa pensare che sia fatto apposta per usare anche la parte decimale.

 

 

Se, una volta avviato KDE, la dimensione dei caratteri è piccola, ciò è dovuto al fatto che KDM sta utilizzando di default i 75dpi.

<pre>ServerArgsLocal=-nolisten tcp -dpi 96</pre>

 

<!--  Use Hinting -->

  </match>

 

<edit name="globaladvance"><bool>false</bool></edit>

 

<match target="font">

<test name="family"><string>BatangChe</string></test>

 

<test name="pixelsize" compare="less">

<double>7.5</double>

<bool>false</bool>

</match>

<match target="font">

<string>Bitstream Vera Serif</string>

</test>

<test name="pixelsize" compare="less">

<edit name="hinting">

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Times New Roman</family>

  <accept>

  <family>Liberation Serif</family>

  <family>Thorndale</family>

  <family>Thorndale AMT</family>

  </accept>

</alias>

<!--

  Helvetica, Courier, and Times are handled in 30-metric-aliases.conf -->

<alias binding="same">

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Zapf Dingbats</family>

<match target="pattern">

  <test name="family">

    <string>Symbol</string>

  </test>

    <string>Standard Symbols L</string>

  </edit>

</match>

<family>Nazli</family>

<family>Badr</family>

<family>Zar</family>

<default><family>serif</family></default>

<family>Arshia</family>

<default><family>sans-serif</family></default>

<family>FreeMono</family>

<default><family>monospace</family></default>

<family>Homa</family>

<family>Kamran</family>

 

<default><family>cursive</family></default>

<family>Helvetica</family>

<default><family>cursive</family></default>

<!-- If the font still has no generic name, add sans-serif -->

<match target="pattern">

<test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq">

<string>sans-serif</string>

</test>

<test qual="all" name="family" compare="not_eq">

<string>serif</string>

</test>

<string>monospace</string>

</test>

<string>sans-serif</string>

</edit>

<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf.d</include>

<include ignore_missing="yes">~/.fonts.conf</include>

<!-- Load local system customization file -->

<include ignore_missing="yes">local.conf</include>

 

<!-- Use legacy LCD filter on smaller Monospace fonts -->

       <string>DejaVu Sans Mono</string>

      <string>Bitstream Vera Sans Mono</string>

     <test name="pixelsize" compare="less_eq">

       <double>12.0</double>

     </test>

 

     <edit name="lcd_filter" mode="assign">

       <const>lcdlegacy</const>

</alias>

<!-- fonts-persian.conf

  To configure Persian fonts from The FarsiWeb Project.

  Copyright (C) 2005  Sharif FarsiWeb, Inc. <license@farsiweb.info>

  advertising or publicity pertaining to distribution of the software without

  specific, written prior permission.  Sharif FarsiWeb, Inc. makes no

  is provided "as is" without express or implied warranty.

  SHARIF FARSIWEB, INC. DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES WITH REGARD TO THIS SOFTWARE,

  PERFORMANCE OF THIS SOFTWARE.

    2005-04-03  Behdad Esfahbod:  Initial revision.

    2005-10-09  Behdad Esfahbod:  Turned off back-slant and Tahoma sections.

    2005-11-30  Behdad Esfahbod:  Set Titr susbtitution size to 24 points.

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Nesf</family>

  <accept><family>Nesf2</family></accept>

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Nesf2</family>

</alias>

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Nazanin</family>

  <accept><family>Nazli</family></accept>

</alias>

  <family>Lotus</family>

  <accept><family>Lotoos</family></accept>

</alias>

  <family>Yaqut</family>

  <accept><family>Yaghoot</family></accept>

</alias>

  <family>Yaghut</family>

  <accept><family>Yaghoot</family></accept>

</alias>

  <family>Traffic</family>

  <accept><family>Terafik</family></accept>

</alias>

  <family>Ferdowsi</family>

  <accept><family>Ferdosi</family></accept>

</alias>

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Fantezy</family>

  <accept><family>Fantezi</family></accept>

<!-- Classify fonts. -->

<!-- Persian_fantasy class -->

<!-- Persian_square class -->

<!-- Persian_title class -->

<alias binding="same">

<!-- Persian_fantasy class -->

  <family>Kamran</family>

<!-- Persian_square class -->

<alias binding="same">

  <family>Persian_square</family>

  <accept>

  <family>Arshia</family>

  <family>Elham</family>

  <family>Farnaz</family>

  <family>Nasim</family>

  <family>Sina</family>

  <family>Persian_serif</family>

  </accept>

</alias>

<!-- Register the fonts that we actually do have -->

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<string>Elham</string>

</test>

<edit name="foundry">

<string>farsiweb</string>

</edit>

</match>

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<string>Homa</string>

</test>

<edit name="foundry">

<string>farsiweb</string>

</edit>

</match>

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<string>Koodak</string>

</test>

<edit name="foundry">

<string>farsiweb</string>

</edit>

</match>

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<string>Nazli</string>

</test>

<string>farsiweb</string>

</match>

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<string>Roya</string>

</test>

<edit name="foundry">

<string>farsiweb</string>

</edit>

</match>

<match target="scan">

<test name="family">

<edit name="foundry">

</match>

<!-- Our fonts should oblique to the other side (TURNED-OFF) -->

<match target="font">

<!-- check to see if the font is roman -->