Pagina di manuale di module-assistant

Attenzione: questo articolo è ancora incompleto e in fase di scrittura da parte del suo autore. Sentitevi liberi di contribuire, proponendo modifiche alla guida tramite l'apposita pagina di discussione, in modo da non interferire con il lavoro portato avanti sulla voce. Per altre informazioni si rimanda al template.

Description

module-assistant is the command-line tool for handling module-source packages that have been prepared for the Debian distribution. It helps users to build and install module package(s) easily for one or more custom kernels.
Unless the -h, or --help option is given, one of the commands below should be present to invoke a function explicitely. If no (or no valid) command is specified and the dialog tool is available, a simple graphical user interface will pop up and guide you trough the available functionality.
NOTE: don't even think about using some random kernel-source-x.y.z package contents (or linux-x.y.z tarball from the Internet) to specify the kernel source for your currently running kernel. Don't! Those source is not exactly what have been used to build the running kernel and its configuration most likely does not match yours. You need the configured kernel source directory or at least the derived kernel-headers-... package containing the kernel configuration for the exact kernel version (complete version string). If you do not understand anything of the above, run "m-a prepare" and/or look at the description and contents of some kernel-headers-... package. Please run the module-assistant prepare command once before you do anything else.
For some packages, kernel-headers (reduced source) is not enough. You will have the choice to run a completely customized kernel, or to recreate the source that have been used to build the current one. The fakesource function may be useful, see below.
In order to configure a kernel source properly, you need to make sure that the file version.h is generated. To get it, configure the options as usual (make menuconfig etc.) and run make dep (for kernel 2.4.x) or make prepare (for newer ones).

Commands

Most commands require a specification of the package names that they should be applied on. pkg can be a single word (package name) or multiple names. The word all will be expanded to the list of all available packages, the word alli to the list of currently installed (source) packages and the word allu will be expanded to the list of packages that seem to be installed and unpacked in the base source directory. If a source package with the given name is not available, module-assistant (abbreviated: m-a) will extend the package name with the popular suffixes like -kernel, -driver, -module, -source and combinations of them.
Multiple commands can be specified in one invocation, eg. "m-a clean,get,build arla cdfs" is the short way to write "module-assistant clean arla-modules-source ; module-assistant clean cdfs-src ; module-assistant get arla-modules-source cdfs-src ; module-assistan build arla-modules-source cdfs-src" (or similar).
If you do not like the dialog/whiptail GUI, feel free to use the -t switch to disable it.

update

update is used to resynchronize the version index files from their sources. This happens with helper scripts provided by the packages. module-assistant has a default built-in list of the packages that it should look for but other packages can be registred by module-assistant if the maintainer adds the helper script.

prepare

Tries to determine the name of the required kernel-headers package (either the one matching the currently running kernel or for the versions specified with -l), installs it if needed and creates the /usr/src/linux symlink if needed.

fakesource

Experimental function which tries to determine the name of the required/compatible kernel-source package, installs it, modifies the Makefile to look like the original source and runs configuration routines as needed. Warning: DO NOT RELY ON THE RESULTING SOURCE. It may be very different from the original version.

list | list-available | la

list-available (abbreviated with la) presents a list of details about specified packages, including installed version, installable versions and recently built binary packages. If the package names are omitted, shows all known packages. With -v, prints long package paths.

list-installed | li

Synonym to list alli. Acts like list-available but limits the list to the installed source packages.

search

Synonym to list -s. Looks for locally compiled packages first and (if none found) searches for alternative installation candidates with apt-cache.

get

get followed by the package list installs the package source, downloading source packages when needed.

build

build is followed by one or more source packages that should be built. It chooses the kernel source appropriate for the currently running kernel unless different directories have been specified. If the build fails, look for the most recent log file in /var/cache/modass (or the user-specified location).

install

install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation. The last built package for the current running kernel is chosen.

auto-install | a-i

auto-install is followed by one or more packages desired for installation. It will run prepare to configure your system to build packages, get the package source, try to build it for the current kernel and install it.

You can use alli or allu shortcuts to select all installed modules source packages or only those that have been unpacked before (similar to the make-kpkg tool normaly does, looking in $MODULE_LOC)

auto-build | a-b

like auto-install but does not install the package immediately

clean

clean clears the build directories of the kernel packages.

purge

purge clears the information cache of a source package and removes all binary packages locally built from it (that module-assistant knows about). USE WITH CARE!

Options

-t

--text-mode

Show pure build/install/update logs, no progress bars.

-k

--kernel-dir

The kernel source directories to be used for builds. You can specify multiple directories with multiple options or separated by commas or line separators (e.g using -k "`echo /usr/src/kernel-headers-*`").The kernel versions detected in this directories are automaticaly added to the list of target kernel versions (see --kvers-list for details).

-l

--kvers-list

List of kernel version strings (as in KVERS) to act on. If omitted, the version string of the currently running kernel is inserted. If --kernel-dir specifies additional source directories, the kernel versions that belong to them will be inserted too.

The locations of the kernel source (or headers) that belong to this kernel versions are either detected by a lookup in the "usual" locations on Linux systems, or they must be specified with the --kernel-dir option.

-v

--verbose

Shows a bit more information, like full paths of the binary packages.

-n

--no-rebuild

If a package that is to be generated does already exist in the target directory (maybe in on older version), -n prevents from building the package again.

The default behaviour is to skip when exactly the same file (with the same filename) is to be generated as the one that already exists, and the new filename could be detected before starting the build process (depends on the module package).

-f

--force

Never look for target file (in another version) and force a build.

For the get command, download a newer version of a package even if it is already installed.

-u

--userdir

All relevant environment variables with paths will be redirected to new directories under the one specified with this option.

-i

--non-inter

When the package build was not successful, just continue with other candidates. By default, module-assistant will suggest to examine the build log. This option may also modify the behaviour of dpkg and apt-get to reduce the need for human interaction and install build dependencies as needed.

-s

--apt-search

See search command for details.

-h

--help

Prints the usage overview.

ENVIRONMENT VARIABLES

You can export the following environment variables to modify the behaviour of the build scripts. Some packages may ignore them or interpret them differently.

KPKG_DEST_DIR

KPKG_DEST_DIR specify the target directory where the resulting Debian package should be installed into. However, many packages ignore this variable and install the file into the directory above the kernel source directory or above the current directory.

SIGNCHANGES

If SIGNCHANGES is set, .changes files will be generated (calling kdist_image rule instead of kdist) and debsign (or gpg or pgp) will be executed to sign the changes.

KMAINT | DEBFULLNAME | DEBNAME

Specifies the realname of the person building the package, interesting for .changes file only. In addition, if KMAINT is set and KPKG_DEST_DIR is not, DEB_DESTDIR will become $(KSRC)/...

KEMAIL | DEBEMAIL

Specifies the realname of the person building the package (interesting for .changes file only).

MODULE_LOC

A different location for the (already extracted) module source directories. Default is /usr/src/modules.

MA_VARDIR

A different location for cached data, used by helper scripts from module-assistant. Default is /var/cache/modass.

MOD_SRCDIR

A different location for module source tarballs. Default is /usr/src.

ROOT_CMD

Wrapper command to execute command as root. If you are not root, fakeroot is chosen automatically. This variable must be interpreted by individual packages so some of them may ignore it. However, you can still run module-assistant inside of the ROOT_CMD wrapper.

Non-Root usage

module-assistant can work without being root. However you won't be able to use apt-get or dpkg to install the packages, and you cannot write to /var/cache/modass on a normal Debian system. So the commands are get, install, auto-install and prepare are taboo for regular users. However, if the sudo program is installed, it will be invoked for apt-get and dpkg operations. All remaining commands except of list require additional environment variables to move the target paths to locations writable for the user. They all can be trimmed to a certain location (a writable directory) using the -u switch.

Files

/usr/share/modass/packages/*

List of helper scripts shipped with the module-assistant package.

/usr/share/modass/overrides/*

Helper scripts installed by other packages.

See Also

make-kpkg , /usr/share/doc/module-assistant/RATIONALE

Bugs

See the http://bugs.debian.org/src:module-assistantmodule-assistant bug page</>. If you wish to report a bug in module-assistant, please use the reportbug command.

Return codes

0

successo

1..249

vari errori durante il processo di compilazione

254

problema con i permessi

255

errore risolvibile dopo l'intervento dell'utente

TODO

Quicklist (fast output without details)
Integration into APT and/or into the init system
"Aggressive" debianisation using the templates set (to generate a package with guessed name from any source that looks like beeing compatible with kernel 2.6 build system)
automatic transformation of kernel sources to generate .udeb packages

Author

Module-Assistant was written by Eduard Bloch <email>blade@debian.org</> for the Debian distribution.