Old:Samba e OpenLDAP: creare un controller di dominio con Ubuntu Server Samba PDC

Samba PDC con backend LDAP

Installazioni e configurazioni iniziali

L'installazione di Samba va effettuata in questo momento perchè insieme ai pacchetti stessi di Samba saranno installate anche alcune utility che adopereremo nel paragrafo successivo.

# apt-get install samba smbclient smbfs cupsys cupsys-bsd

E' necessario creare le cartelle netlogon, profiles e creare lo script logon.bat.

# mkdir -p /home/samba/netlogon
# chown -R root:root /home/samba/netlogon
# chmod -R 755 /home/samba/netlogon
# mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles
# chown root:root /home/samba/profiles
# chmod 755 /home/samba/profiles 

Creiamo il file logon.bat da mettere in netlogon: Tale script dovrà esser scritto in modalità dos, per far questo sfrutteremo il tool unix2dos contenuto nel pacchetto tofrodos.

# apt-get install tofrodos

creiamo lo script con l'editor che preferiamo

# vim /home/samba/netlogon/logon.bat

syncronizziamo gli orologi del client windows con il nostro server e mappiamo una condivisione di rete scrivendo nel file

net time \\SERVER /set /yes
net use H: /home 

infine

# unix2dos /home/samba/netlogon/logon.bat

Allo script si possono aggiungere operazioni come il montaggio di unità di rete o altre condivisioni. Tenete conto che con queste impostazioni viene già creata un'unità di rete collegata alla home dell'utente linux.

Roaming Profiles

Per ogni utente deve essere creata una cartella profile:

# mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles/utente
# mkdir -p /home/samba/profiles/utente/{Desktop|Documenti/Immagini|Impostazioni locali/Dati Applicazioni|
Impostazioni locali/Cronologia|Preferiti|Cookies|Recent|Risorse di stampa}
# chown -R utente:"Domain Users" /home/samba/profiles/utente
# chmod -R 700 /home/samba/profiles/utente

E' necessario, per avere un corretto roaming profile, creare nel profilo comune dell'utente le cartelle da redirigere al server con i diritti di scrittura all'utente. Ho creato uno script ad hoc che fa tutto ciò e vi rimando al paragrafo 11.

Nota per il roaming profile:

Per poter ottenere un valido roaming profile con client windows è necessario copiare la cartella "Default User", 
che si trova in C:\Documents and Settings, nella cartella /home/samba/netlogon. Prima di copiarla bisogna editare 
il file NTUSER.dat dal registro regedit. Seguire questo procedimento:
1 . Start>Esegui>regedit>(posizionarsi su)HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE
2. (andare su)file>carica hive>C:\Documents and Settings\Default User\NTUSER.dat>apri>(digitare nome)Default
3. (entrare in)HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINE>Default>Software>Microsoft>Windows>CurrentVersion>Explorer>User Shell Folder
4. cambiare i Dati, da %USERPROFILE% a %LOGONSERVER%\profiles\%USERNAME% dei Nomi: Desktop;Favorites;History;
   Local AppData; Local Settings;My Pictures;Personal; PrintHood;Recent (a scelta anche Cookies e Cache)
   es. da %USERPROFILE%\Desktop a %LOGONSERVER%\profiles\%USERNAME%\Desktop (così per tutti i nomi)
5. (posizionarsi su) Default
6. (andare su) file>scarica hive
7. copiare su /home/samba/netlogon la cartella "Default User" così modificata.

Configurazione di smb.conf

Ora vedremo come configurare Samba vero e proprio per essere un Primary Domain Controller con backend LDAP, affinchè si appoggi a questo per la gestione degli utenti, gruppi, ecc... Copiare il file smb.conf per avere un backup:

# cp /etc/samba/smb.conf /etc/samba/smb.conf.original

Editare il file smb.conf

# vim /etc/samba/smb.conf

Configurarlo così:

#======================= Global Settings =======================

[global]

## Browsing/Identification ###

# Change this to the workgroup/NT-domain name your Samba server will part of
   workgroup = DOMINIO

# server string is the equivalent of the NT Description field
 netbios name = SERVER   
 server string = Server dominio 
# Windows Internet Name Serving Support Section:
# WINS Support - Tells the NMBD component of Samba to enable its WINS Server
   wins support = yes

# WINS Server - Tells the NMBD components of Samba to be a WINS Client
# Note: Samba can be either a WINS Server, or a WINS Client, but NOT both
;   wins server = w.x.y.z

# This will prevent nmbd to search for NetBIOS names through DNS.
   dns proxy = no

# What naming service and in what order should we use to resolve host names
# to IP addresses
   name resolve order = wins lmhosts host bcast

#### Networking ####

# The specific set of interfaces / networks to bind to
# This can be either the interface name or an IP address/netmask;
# interface names are normally preferred
interfaces = eth1, lo
;   interfaces = 127.0.0.0/8 eth0

# Only bind to the named interfaces and/or networks; you must use the
# 'interfaces' option above to use this.
# It is recommended that you enable this feature if your Samba machine is
# not protected by a firewall or is a firewall itself.  However, this
# option cannot handle dynamic or non-broadcast interfaces correctly.
   bind interfaces only = yes



#### Debugging/Accounting ####

# This tells Samba to use a separate log file for each machine
# that connects
   log file = /var/log/samba/%U.%m.log
   log level = 0 passdb:6 auth:10 vfs:5 acls:3 msdfs:3 
# Cap the size of the individual log files (in KiB).
   max log size = 5000

# If you want Samba to only log through syslog then set the following
# parameter to 'yes'.
#   syslog only = no

# We want Samba to log a minimum amount of information to syslog. Everything
# should go to /var/log/samba/log.{smbd,nmbd} instead. If you want to log
# through syslog you should set the following parameter to something higher.
   syslog = 0

# Do something sensible when Samba crashes: mail the admin a backtrace
   panic action = /usr/share/samba/panic-action %d


####### Authentication #######

# "security = user" is always a good idea. This will require a Unix account
# in this server for every user accessing the server. See
# /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/ServerType.html
# in the samba-doc package for details.
   security = user
   username map = /etc/samba/usermap
   case sensitive = no
# You may wish to use password encryption.  See the section on
# 'encrypt passwords' in the smb.conf(5) manpage before enabling.
   encrypt passwords = true
   enable privileges = yes
# If you are using encrypted passwords, Samba will need to know what
# password database type you are using.  
   passdb backend = ldapsam:ldap://127.0.0.1/
   ldap admin dn = cn=admin,dc=dominio,dc=local
   ldap suffix = dc=dominio,dc=local
   ldap user suffix = ou=users
   ldap group suffix = ou=groups
   ldap machine suffix = ou=computers
   ldap idmap suffix = ou=idmap
   ldap ssl = off
   ldap delete dn = no
   idmap backend = ldap:ldap://127.0.0.1
   obey pam restrictions = yes

# This boolean parameter controls whether Samba attempts to sync the Unix
# password with the SMB password when the encrypted SMB password in the
# passdb is changed.
ldap passwd sync = yes   
unix password sync = no

# For Unix password sync to work on a Debian GNU/Linux system, the following
# parameters must be set (thanks to Ian Kahan <<kahan@informatik.tu-muenchen.de> for
# sending the correct chat script for the passwd program in Debian Sarge).
   passwd program = /usr/sbin/smbldap-passwd %u
   passwd chat = *Enter\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *Retype\snew\s*\spassword:* %n\n *password\supdated\ssuccessfully* .

# This boolean controls whether PAM will be used for password changes
# when requested by an SMB client instead of the program listed in
# 'passwd program'. The default is 'no'.
   pam password change = yes

# This option controls how unsuccessful authentication attempts are mapped 
# to anonymous connections
   map to guest = bad user

########## Domains ###########

# Is this machine able to authenticate users. Both PDC and BDC
# must have this setting enabled. If you are the BDC you must
# change the 'domain master' setting to no
#
   domain logons = yes
   domain master = yes
   local master = yes 	
   preferred master = yes
   os level = 255
#
# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of the user's profile directory
# from the client point of view)
# The following required a [profiles] share to be setup on the
# samba server (see below)
   logon path = \\%N\profiles\%U
# Another common choice is storing the profile in the user's home directory
# (this is Samba's default)
#   logon path = \\%N\%U\profile

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the location of a user's home directory (from the client
# point of view)
   logon drive = H:
   logon home = \\%N\%U

# The following setting only takes effect if 'domain logons' is set
# It specifies the script to run during logon. The script must be stored
# in the [netlogon] share
# NOTE: Must be store in 'DOS' file format convention
   logon script = logon.bat

# This allows Unix users to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  The example command creates a user account with a disabled Unix
# password; please adapt to your needs
 add user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -a -m %u
 delete user script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-userdel %u
 add user to group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -m %u %g
 delete user from group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupmod -x %u %g
 set primary group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-usermod -g %g %u

# This allows machine accounts to be created on the domain controller via the 
# SAMR RPC pipe.  
# The following assumes a "machines" group exists on the system
 add machine script  = /usr/sbin/smbldap-useradd -t 0 -w %u

# This allows Unix groups to be created on the domain controller via the SAMR
# RPC pipe.  
 add group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupadd -p %g
 delete group script = /usr/sbin/smbldap-groupdel %g
 ########## Printing ##########

# If you want to automatically load your printer list rather
# than setting them up individually then you'll need this
#   load printers = yes

# lpr(ng) printing. You may wish to override the location of the
# printcap file
;   printing = bsd
;   printcap name = /etc/printcap

# CUPS printing.  See also the cupsaddsmb(8) manpage in the
# cupsys-client package.
   printing = cups
 #  printcap name = cups

############ Misc ############

# Using the following line enables you to customise your configuration
# on a per machine basis. The %m gets replaced with the netbios name
# of the machine that is connecting
;   include = /home/samba/etc/smb.conf.%m

# Most people will find that this option gives better performance.
# See smb.conf(5) and /usr/share/doc/samba-doc/htmldocs/Samba3-HOWTO/speed.html
# for details
# You may want to add the following on a Linux system:
#         SO_RCVBUF=8192 SO_SNDBUF=8192
 socket options = TCP_NODELAY

# The following parameter is useful only if you have the linpopup package
# installed. The samba maintainer and the linpopup maintainer are
# working to ease installation and configuration of linpopup and samba.
;   message command = /bin/sh -c '/usr/bin/linpopup "%f" "%m" %s; rm %s' &

# Domain Master specifies Samba to be the Domain Master Browser. If this
# machine will be configured as a BDC (a secondary logon server), you
# must set this to 'no'; otherwise, the default behavior is recommended.
#   domain master = auto

# Some defaults for winbind (make sure you're not using the ranges
# for something else.)
   idmap uid = 10000-20000
   idmap gid = 10000-20000
#   template shell = /bin/false
  
# The following was the default behaviour in sarge,
# but samba upstream reverted the default because it might induce
# performance issues in large organizations.
# See Debian bug #368251 for some of the consequences of *not*
# having this setting and smb.conf(5) for details.
#   winbind separator = + 
#   winbind enum groups = yes
#   winbind enum users = yes
#   winbind use default domain = yes
   time server = yes
   null passwords = no
# Setup usershare options to enable non-root users to share folders
# with the net usershare command.

# Maximum number of usershare. 0 (default) means that usershare is disabled.
;   usershare max shares = 100

# Allow users who've been granted usershare privileges to create
# public shares, not just authenticated ones
   usershare allow guests = yes

#======================= Share Definitions =======================

# Un-comment the following (and tweak the other settings below to suit)
# to enable the default home directory shares.  This will share each
# user's home directory as \\server\username
[homes]
   comment = Home Directories
   browseable = no

# By default, the home directories are exported read-only. Change the
# next parameter to 'no' if you want to be able to write to them.
   read only = no

# File creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create files with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
 #  create mask = 0775

# Directory creation mask is set to 0700 for security reasons. If you want to
# create dirs. with group=rw permissions, set next parameter to 0775.
;   directory mask = 0700

# By default, \\server\username shares can be connected to by anyone
# with access to the samba server.  Un-comment the following parameter
# to make sure that only "username" can connect to \\server\username
# This might need tweaking when using external authentication schemes
   valid users = %S
   vfs object = recycle
                recycle:repository = /home/%u/.cestino
                recycle:keeptree = Yes
                recycle:touch = Yes
                recycle:versions = Yes
                recycle:maxsize = 1048576
                recycle:exclude = ?~$*,~$*,*.tmp,index*.pl,index*.htm*,*.temp,*.TMP
                recycle:exclude_dir = /tmp,/temp,/cache
                recycle:noversions = *.docx,*.doc,*.xlsx,*.xls,*.ppt

# Un-comment the following and create the netlogon directory for Domain Logons
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
[netlogon]
   comment = Network Logon Service
   path = /home/samba/netlogon
   guest ok = yes
   read only = yes
   share modes = no

# Un-comment the following and create the profiles directory to store
# users profiles (see the "logon path" option above)
# (you need to configure Samba to act as a domain controller too.)
# The path below should be writable by all users so that their
# profile directory may be created the first time they log on
[profiles]
   comment = Users profiles
   path = /home/samba/profiles
   read only = no
   browseable = no
   profile acls = yes

[printers]
   comment = All Printers
   browseable = no
   path = /var/spool/samba
   printable = yes
   guest ok = no
   read only = yes
   create mask = 0700

# Windows clients look for this share name as a source of downloadable
# printer drivers
[print$]
   comment = Printer Drivers
   path = /var/lib/samba/printers
   browseable = yes
   read only = yes
   guest ok = no
# Uncomment to allow remote administration of Windows print drivers.
# You may need to replace 'lpadmin' with the name of the group your
# admin users are members of.
# Please note that you also need to set appropriate Unix permissions
# to the drivers directory for these users to have write rights in it
;   write list = root, @lpadmin

# A sample share for sharing your CD-ROM with others.
;[cdrom]
;   comment = Samba server's CD-ROM
;   read only = yes
;   locking = no
;   path = /cdrom
;   guest ok = yes

# The next two parameters show how to auto-mount a CD-ROM when the
#	cdrom share is accesed. For this to work /etc/fstab must contain
#	an entry like this:
#
#       /dev/scd0   /cdrom  iso9660 defaults,noauto,ro,user   0 0
#
# The CD-ROM gets unmounted automatically after the connection to the
#
# If you don't want to use auto-mounting/unmounting make sure the CD
#	is mounted on /cdrom
#
;   preexec = /bin/mount /cdrom
;   postexec = /bin/umount /cdrom

Una volta che abbiamo il file di configurazione pronto, possiamo verificare che non contenga errori con il comando:

# testparm

Creiamo e modifichiamo il file /etc/samba/usermap:

# touch /etc/samba/usermap

editare così:

root = root Administrator

Sistemiamo ora le ultime directory necessarie:

# rm -rf /etc/samba/*tdb
# rm -rf /var/lib/samba/*tdb
# rm -rf /var/lib/samba/*dat
# rm -f /var/log/samba/*

facciamo memorizzare a samba la password dell'utente ldap da usare per la connessione:

# smbpasswd -w password

e riavviamo il servizio:

# service smbd stop
# service nmbd stop
# service smbd start
# service nmbd start